Trophic capacity of experimentally lengthened gustatory axons.

Long nerve stumps will maintain end-organs for a longer period of time than short nerve stumps. However, longer maintenance might result not from a longer nerve stump per se but from uncontrolled factors such as less interference with the target's blood supply when transecting a nerve far from its target. To control for the site of nerve transection and to evaluate the trophic capacity of lengthened axons, we extended the gerbil's (Meriones unguiculatus) IXth nerve (glossopharyngeal) by splicing in a 5.0 mm segment of the superior laryngeal nerve. Thus, when assessing nerve stump-length dependency 3-5 months later, both the control regenerated nerve and the lengthened experimental nerve could be transected at the same site on the IXth nerve trunk. The peak magnitude of the summated taste discharges of the experimentally lengthened IXth nerve declined at a rate exactly predicted by an earlier study of nerve stump-length dependency. We conclude that maintenance of synaptic transmission depends upon taste axon stump-length and not upon factors uncontrolled in conventional experimental designs of stump-length dependency which transect nerves at different locations. Control regenerated and experimentally lengthened nerves maintained similar numbers of taste buds. Thus, neither the added burden of maintaining longer axons nor the presence of Schwann cells of the superior laryngeal nerve splice degraded the IXth nerve's trophic performance.